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Industrial Research Laboratories 

DEDICATED TO INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 



Arthur D. Little, Inc. 



THIS ORGANIZATION is the result of more than 
thirty years' successful experience in the application 
of science to industry. Ours has not been an easy 
task, because we have always tried to keep ahead of public 
opinion, rather than to follow it — and the pathmaker treads 
upon thorns. While others regarded the relations of chem- 
istry to business as a subject for humor, like the legend of 
Darius Green and His Fl^dng Machine, we insisted that 
industry cannot prosper in the long run without the aid of 
chemistry. We claimed that the manufacturer should know 
his materials as well as his men and, by means of science put 
into daily practice, hold every process under definite control, 
whether he make machinery, castings, textiles, paper or, it 
may almost be said, anything else. We not only preached 
this doctrine, but we practised it, and the developments 
of the past few years have justified us in our contention. 
Our building, although lately completed, was planned 
for in detail long ago. We declared that it should be 
convenient of approach and yet removed from the turmoil 
and racket of heavy trucking and from all the thumping 
and disorder that so often offend the back doors of 
commerce and the front doors of industry. It should 
be provided with every facility for research and testing 
and it should be flooded with sunlight. It should have 
a high basement equipped with technical apparatus for 
making all sorts of things on a semi-commercial scale; 
a factory in miniature to meet the many and various prob- 
lems that arise in the modern arts of production. Also, it 
must contain a chemical museum, to explain things. Here 
it is. And we bid visitors a cordial welcome. 

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Section of Library devoted to our Reports 



What We Do 

TO answer this question in the abstract is easy: we 
solve problems in manufacture, we engage in indus- 
trial research and we make chemical analyses. We 
render service under contract with firms, corporations, mu- 
nicipalities and states, to report upon conditions and what 
to do to meet them, and we examine into and report upon the 
merits of new industrial projects. We manage corporations 
engaged in chemical manufacture for account of owners 
and trustees. We engage in chemical engineering on a 
major scale and not only develop methods and processes 
but design apparatus, construct works and then organize 
manufacture in them. We act as chemical advisors, in 
which we function in regard to materials in a manner simi- 
lar to that of counselor s-at-law in regard to contracts and 
measures. And we act as consultants. 

To explain these things in detail is more difficult, but 
we shall try to make the subject interesting, for to our way 
of thinking it abounds in this very quality. 

Let us begin with something that sounds dull at first, 
like chemical analysis, and observe whither it leads us. 

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Ours is one of the leading analytical laboratories in the 
country and its scope is very wide. We make analyses by 
the many thousand, and have so developed our practice 
that we are now engaged in the preparation of a book which 
shall give our methods in detail for the benefit of the pro- 
fession. Being organized for large quantities of work, it is 
surprising how speedily results are reached and with what 
constant accuracy. We undertake testing for manufactur- 
ing establishments in nearly every state in the Union, and 
owing to our large and competent staff and the broad exper- 
ience of its members in a great variety of industries, we 
frequently provide chemical control of the materials and 
processes in the works at the same time. 

Chemical control may sound theoretical, but it is, in 
effect, intensely practical and it applies where those who 
are unfamiliar with the subject would least expect it. For 
instance, if a man makes mowing machines he may not 
appear to need the help of a chemical engineer in his estab- 
lishment, but if we inquire into the subject we shall find 
that he does. In fact, next to the design of his machine, 
the chemical features of his practice are of leading import- 
ance. Every unit of his product should be made of 
that very specific material which will provide the best and 
most enduring service at the lightest weight and the lowest 
cost. It requires a metallurgical chemist to select most of 
his materials in the first place and to hold them to quality 
afterwards. The question where the machine will wear out 
first or the location of any structional weakness is likely to 
be indicated in specially designed laboratory tests and the 
fault corrected before the machine is put upon the market. 
Every spring should be made of steel that maintains its 
resiliency, the knives should have and hold the best cutting 
edge that he can afford and the driving rods must be stiff 
without being brittle. These qualities are not regulated by 
the price paid for the steel; it often happens that the best 
is very cheap provided one knows just what to specify or 
to buy. Paint is another material which requires labora- 
tory control to insure endurance, maximum covering power, 
quality of shade and proper cost, combined with protection 
against rust. 

The structural characteristics of different steels and 

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the internal structure of paint films are subjects which, not 
many years ago, were wholly within the realm of pure 
theory. They have now become the very foundations of 
the best practice. Is it not obvious that the man who knows 
the real nature, and therefore the possibilities and limita- 
tions, of his materials is at least a neck ahead in the race 
of the one who judges quality by the price he pays or by 
the affirmations of a man whose interest lies in only making 
a single sale.^^ 

We hope we have made it clear that chemical analysis 
is merely one feature of the general application of the science 
to industry. Analysis is like the accounting department; it 
checks purchases and prevents mistakes, provided the fig- 
ures it yields are interpreted and applied with full under- 
standing of the uses of the materials, and it tells often 
what is going on inside of cupolas and all sorts of apparatus 
where nobody can look, — and even if he could he could not 
see. In certain pulp mills tests are made automatically 
and are so recorded. From these records graphs are made 
and from the graphs the manager knows exactly what is 
happening all the time, and he locates troubles when they 
begin, instead of after the damage has been done. But 
analysis alone, though it may lower costs, does not improve 
the product. For this purpose research is required. The 
two go hand in hand. 

It may not seem clearly evident that a street rail- 
way system has much of a chemical side to it, and yet we 
do a great deal of work for street railways and they find it 
worth while. In the first place, they buy many tons of 
metal, both ferrous and non-ferrous. Here the metallurgi- 
cal chemist makes specifications for that which will best 
serve each purpose, and deliveries are tested. Paints and 
varnishes cut a larger figure than with the mowing machine 
man. Important savings are made by buying supplies such 
as lubricants, boiler compounds, soap and cleansing pow- 
ders according to actual needs, under specification and in 
bulk. Chemical control is needed in the purchase of rail- 
way supplies all along the line, and it takes experience as 
well as study to maintain it. This would seem to be self- 
evident and unnecessary to say, nevertheless we can point 
out utterly absurd losses in great organizations that are 

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otherwise well managed, all for lack of this needed and 
specialized form of control. 

The purchase of coal by heat units instead of by name 
and weight, the analysis of flue gases to tell how much coal 
is wasted in firing and the buying of lubricants on specifica- 
tion instead of by prejudice or favor are economies that 
would seem too patent to argue about if it were not for the 
fact that the old, expensive method of buying by guess and 
talking is the more current one even to this day. 

No one would think at first glance that a dry goods 
merchant needed the chemist's aid, and yet here is what 
we do for dry goods and department stores in our textile 
laboratory. We determine the actual fibre content of 
samples furnished. This avoids errors in the quality of 
goods purchased and provides the only proper basis for 
the guaranty that goods are what they are represented to 
be. Guaranties based upon guessas are expensive. We 
determine the strength and wearing qualities of fabrics and 
we test the resistance of dyes to light, bleach, mud-stains 
and washing. We analyze hosiery, for instance, in regard 
to structure, content, wear and general merit, as definitely 
as we would a rod of steel. Even in the matter of supplies, 
such as paper, stationery, twine, soap, polish, etc., we make 
specifications that result in remarkable savings. 

A bank is hardly a chemical institution and yet we 
are frequently called upon by bankers and investment 
houses for help. A manufacturer of an unfamiliar product 
may be doing well but increasing his obligations in a meas- 
ure to arouse the concern of the careful banker. A con- 
fidential report from us on what the manufacturer does, 
what his product is and whether his processes are economi- 
cal and adequate posts the banker on the very features of 
his depositor's business that he desires to understand. It 
enables him to judge as to the right line of credit, and often 
clears away doubts that have restricted legitimate and 
desirable loans. Again some one will come along with an 
invention all patented and the patents passed upon by 
eminent counsel. It looks like the proverbial gold mine 
with an engaging prospectus, a financial plan with provi- 
sion for working capital and with sales practically guar- 
anteed. But the process, which seems to be mechanical, 

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involves principles of physics and chemistry which the 
wisest business man is almost certain to miss unless he is 
thoroughly familiar with the scientific basis of the art 
involved. Now unless every step in manufacture is devel- 
oped through factory as well as laboratory research and 
tests, the proposition may be fairly bristling with other- 
wise invisible chances of failure. 

"State of the Art" searches, in which we have long 
specialized, prove no less useful to banking and investment 
houses than to manufacturers. These provide a careful 
study of prospective as wxU as present markets for materi- 
als, compare available methods of production and, by a 
diligent scrutiny of the progress of applied science both 
here and abroad, disclose dangers which threaten long 
before they are felt. We also point out where extensions 
of sales are warranted. 

From a banking standpoint it would appear that a 
manufacturer should himself see to it that his establish- 
ment is kept up to date in the matter of raw materials, 
processes and use of wastes, but we regret to say that very 
often, and by far too often for the welfare of American 
industry, he does not. Time and again, if he has a good thing, 
he lets it go at that — while somebody else, somewhere 
else, works out a shorter or cheaper method or a better 
product, and he is left stranded. Then the creditors form 
a committee and the president of the bank explains to the 
directors that the failure is due to cut-throat competition, 
— while the competitors are getting rich ! The trouble was 
that the manufacturer had failed to learn that the most 
practical thing in the world today is science. Now it always 
has given, and it probably always will give a man a financial 
black eye to say of him that he is an impractical theorist, 
and experience teaches that the impractical theorist is a dan- 
gerous borrower no matter how honest he may be. But the 
manufacturer who is not scientific of disposition and who 
conducts his business without competent control of his 
materials and processes is unable to keep informed of the 
march of progress and by this very fault invites hazards 
that are bound to affect his credit. He, too, is a dangerous 
borrower. Information of this sort is not available from 
mercantile agencies or credit bureaus. 

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Semi-Commercial Scale Apparatus 



Research 

THIS is our leading business. It consists in finding out 
how to do things and, in the industrial field, how to do 
them profitably. And it includes invention. Some of 
the great manufacturing concerns now spend millions and 
many other corporations spend hundreds of thousands of 
dollars each, every year on their research laboratories, to 
find out things. Our establishment is a research laboratory 
at large to American industry. 

So much of our work is of a confidential nature that, 
while we are now engaged almost to the limit of capacity, 
we have to go back a number of years for most of the exam- 
ples which we are at liberty to discuss. Some of the fruits 
of our research during the past year are of greater general 
interest than any that we shall mention, but they are not 
for publication as yet. What follows is given to indicate 
the scope and something of the nature of past performances. 

The chrome tanning of leather had been undertaken 
abroad by cumbersome and ineffective methods. A far 

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better process had been worked out and patented in Amer- 
ica but it was generally overlooked and forgotten by the 
tanners. We studied it, demonstrated its entire practica- 
bility, extended its scope by some supplementary inven- 
tions of our own, and we tanned skins in the factories before 
skeptical tanners who became so thoroughly converted that 
a few years later ninety -five per cent of all the upper leather 
in this country wajs chrome tanned. 

At the time when street railway power plants were 
mostly hay burners we began the study of applied electro- 
chemistry. We brought to this country from England and 
put into operation the first commercial process for the 
electrical production of bleaching agents. A few years later 
our reports provided the incentive for the erection of the 
first plant in America for the production of chlorine and 
caustic soda by the electrolysis of common salt. Another 
plant, and a spectacularly successful one, was built to oper- 
ate a process invented by us for the electrolytic production 
of chlorate of potash. We are still studying electrochemis- 
try all the way from aluminium through nitrogen fixation 
clear down to zinc. 

From the beginning of our organization we have been 
active workers in the chemistry of cellulose. This is nature's 
great structural material. It is the essential component of 
the cell walls of plants and as such the basis of all plant 
tissues. So its properties are of interest and importance to 
the lumberman, the maker of cordage, the spinners and 
weavers of cotton, the workers in flax, hemp, jute and 
ramie, the pulp and paper makers and to all those whose 
business it is to utilize this remarkable material that still 
remains the product of nature's secret laboratory. 

This is only a hint of the bewildering possibilities and 
actualities of cellulose. Things happen when you begin to 
treat it chemically. It takes kindly to nitric acid and 
becomes gun-cotton and smokeless powder, — - after which it 
becomes less kindly. Less highly nitrated it functions as 
soluble cotton, collodion, celluloid, and it appears in lac- 
quers, artificial leathers and a host of other things. Treated 
with caustic soda and carbon bisulphide it is transformed 
into viscose and later comes upon the market as artificial 
silk, of which twenty million pounds were produced in 1913. 

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Acetic anhydride transforms cellulose into cellulose acetate, 
a first cousin of the nitrate but less temperamental, being 
non-explosive and harmless as a paper doll. From it we have 
made artificial bristles, a superior artificial silk, non-inflam- 
mable films for moving pictures, wind shields for aviators 
and dopes for aeroplane wings. We have found new sol- 
vents for the material and invented methods for its produc- 
tion in fibrous form. Just now cellulose acetate is a war 
commodity, but with the release of raw materials following 
a righteous peace there will come a lively flourish in the 
cellulose acetate industry. Meanwhile there is hardly an 
industrial application of cellulose or its products with 
which we are not identified. 

Chemistry and capital together constitute perhaps the 
most effective agency for the comprehensive and systematic 
development of a country's resources, and this broader 
application of the science has long appealed to us. Our 
studies in the tropics, in Cuba, Hawaii, etc., and of the 
industrial resources of the South were forerunners of the 
organization of the Natural Resources Survey of Canada 
which we carried forward under the auspices of the Cana- 
dian Pacific Railway to the point where the work was 
taken over by the Canadian Government. 

If zymo-technology is a word that twists the tongue 
uncomfortably, let us call it fermenting, which will indicate 
the subject. This is an enormous field, quite aside from 
beer and wine, and there are oceans of work to be done in 
it. There are a great number of yeasts and bacilli that 
cause fermentation with a great variety of products as the 
result and they are, like fire, good servants but bad masters. 
When the desired culture is secured for a given purpose and 
its life and habits are studied and mastered, ideal manu- 
facturing conditions may be attained. They work while 
you sleep and they live in a tub. From an industrial stand- 
point the great field of bacteriological chemistry is full of 
interest and of promise. 

We have helped to develop the production of alcohol 
from wood waste such as sawdust, etc., and from other 
materials having a basis of cellulose and we have done 
effective work in the opposite direction in the way of 
preventing rot, fermentation, mould, decay and the like. 

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We have done successful work in the steriHzation of water 
and in its treatment for various purposes from feeding boil- 
ers to table use and also in the treatment and disposal of 
sewage and factory effluents. We have been able to save 
many thousand dollars for our clients by specifying effec- 
tive boiler compounds for them after a study of local waters 
and avoiding for them the purchase of useless nostrums at 
preposterous prices. We recall one instance of ordinary 
black-strap molasses sold for this purpose at eighty cents 
a gallon in barrel lots. 

Skim milk is chiefly casein and, while it is a food rich 
in protein, it was formerly fed to the pigs or thrown away. 
Chemical research brought out its value in paper sizing, in 
making water-soluble paints for interior use and for many 
other purposes. The casein industry had started abroad 
but was untouched in this country until we were retained 
to undertake its technical development, which we did. 
And that was its beginning in America. 

Another use for skim milk in which the initial invention 
was developed to successful manufacturing procedure in our 
establishment we told about in the July, 1918, number of 
The Little Journal, a house organ which we publish occa- 
sionally and send to any one that asks for it. This consists, 
under a patented process, of emulsifying cocoanut oil and 
skim milk in water and then stabilizing them so that the 
product has substantially the same food qualities as milk 
and cream and it looks and tastes like milk and cream. 
The skim milk may be shipped dried, and no cow is needed 
within ten thousand miles. 

Binder twine, used in the harvest fields for binding 
sheaves of wheat and other grains, was formerly often con- 
sumed by crickets, leaving the sheaves unbound. We were 
called upon to solve the cricketal problem thus presented. 
This required elaborate entomological research, the dis- 
covery why the crickets consumed the twine and, following 
this, an effective means of discouraging them from their 
attacks. 

Again we were required to develop a waterproof 
paper that would not tear, which is now manufactured on a 
considerable scale. Our contributions to the paper indus- 
try have been many and extend over the entire period of 

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our history. The question of where future suppKes of paper 
are to come from is a pressing one and in our complete 
experimental pulp and paper mill we have tested out a large 
number of different materials of which some are full of 
promise. We have been important factors in the develop- 
ment of the sulphite pulp industry especially and our con- 
nections with the paper industry are very extensive. An 
interesting undertaking which we described in the April, 
1918, issue of The Little Journal was the production of a 
certain kind of paper felt from bagasse to function under 
the Eckart patents for covering the young sprouts of sugar 
cane and thus avoiding the growth of weeds in Hawaii. It 
increases the yield over 25 per cent and cuts down the 
labor costs from 50 to 70 per cent by eliminating the neces- 
sity of repeated weedings. We are now putting up a mill 
in Hawaii to make this paper felt. 

We have made extensive researches into the lumbering 
industry and the results of our studies of the actual and 
proved possibilities of the long leaf pine cut in particular 
bring out the amazing fact that the industrial value of a 
full grown pine tree is no less than five times what we get 
from it. If, of all the yellow pine cut, the entire trees were 
used, not only as theoretical science teaches but according to 
known and proved methods of applied science, there would 
be added to the estate of the American people every day, 
40,000 tons of paper, 3,000 tons of rosin, 300,000 gallons 
of turpentine and 600,000 gallons of ethyl or grain alcohol 
together with the fuel for these industries besides the lum- 
ber we get as it is. Of course, this would require a heavy 
expenditure of capital and a large amount of labor, but the 
facts remain. 

It is our firm belief that thus far science has only 
scratched the surface of industry. The great rewards await 
those who have the faith and courage to plough deep. 



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Part of Extraction Room 



How We Do It 

WE are proud to say that twenty of our staff are in 
war service. Good chemists are generally admitted 
to be hard to get these days, but we have been able 
to keep our ranks full of able and competent men and women. 
So the work goes right on in increasing proportions and with 
no decrease in precision or the achievement of results. The 
reason for this is our carefully planned organization and 
the long experience of the men at the top. We hope to get 
our old members back when the war is over and to keep 
them busy, for there is more than enough work for us all 
to do. 

We have a Commercial Department in charge of a 
chemist of broad experience in business and technology 
who takes care of initial correspondence and interviews. 
He is kept pretty busy, — and he has never been known to 
complain of the tediousness of his occupation. The batch 
of problems that he brings before the staff every day are 
of the most miscellaneous sort. A laundryman may want 
to determine where responsibility lies for damaged goods. 
A manufacturer of cutlery wants a special steel for a special 

Page twenty three 



purpose. An automobile maker has trouble with his paint 
and another with his crank shafts or piston heads. A candy 
maker wants a better chocolate coating and a baker wants 
a method of procedure with wheat substitutes. A cargo of 
corn meal must be tested as to oil and moisture content 
which would be a simple proposition except for the fact that 
it involves upwards of two hundred and fifty separate 
parcels calling for that number of analyses — and the ship 
wants to sail next Monday. A bank may want paper or 
ink tested as to permanency for records. These, together 
with a lot of factory and miscellaneous tests, will indicate 
an ordinary day's grist that comes in. 

All proposals as accepted go into the hands of the service 
manager. Analyses pass on to the third floor and there go 
through the regular routine, surrounded by every check 
and safeguard to insure strict accuracy. Special problems 
are referred to the department familiar with the particular 
work involved, while major problems are likely to call for a 
conference of the staff; and despite the many years of work- 
ing together, a conference of this sort still brings out an 
interesting variety in methods of attack. 

As soon as a member of the staff has a major problem 
in hand he turns naturally to the library where he may 
spend several days going over the literature of the subject. 
The extent and convenient arrangement of our library may 
be gathered from the isometric diagram shown on page 
30. Here are over thirty thousand sources of information 
indexed by means of over one hundred thousand cards. 
Scientific literature is to be found only in lesser part in 
treatises; the greater detail and more recent advances being 
in periodicals which print the original papers, usually, of 
course, in the language of the country of their origin. The 
library contains a great wealth of the leading scientific 
journals of the world and it maintains close relations wuth 
other special and institutional libraries. In addition to 
books, journals and monographs, there are immediately 
available the bound manuscript and typewritten records of 
all the work done by the firms of Griffin & Little, 
Little & Walker, A. D. Little and Arthur D. Little, Inc. since 
1886, when the original firm of Griffin & Little was founded. 
These contain thousands of technical reports, special reports 

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with laboratory notes, experimental and other data, and 
fill fourteen large shelves of bound volumes. 

Our library has been the subject of a number of arti- 
cles in library journals and is regarded by librarians as a 
model of its kind. Books are only useful when their contents 
are available, and the system of indexing enables authorized 
persons to have nearly the entire literature of a subject 
placed before them shortly after proper advice to the 
librarian. 

The service manager is in close and constant touch 
with all work in hand and informs clients who want to 
know how their affairs are progressing. As soon as labora- 
tory studies have reached a satisfactory conclusion we either 
equip apparatus to make a semi-commercial test in our own 
establishment, or a try-out is made in the works of the 
client under the supervision of one of our chemical engi- 
neers. Often special apparatus must be designed for which 
we have the necessary draughting room and experience in 
the work. 

There is one kind of business that we do not invite 
and that is research to avoid the incidence of sound patents 
taken out by legitimate inventors. On the other hand it is 
our constant effort to improve and shorten pr )cesses, to 
lower costs of prod iction and to find technical uses for 
waste materials. We believe in the patent system and we 
take out such letters for our clients when we think they 
will provide added protection. 



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Portion of Paper-Testing Laboratory 



What It Costs 

IT does not cost anything to find out what our charges 
are for a given amount of work. They are based upon 
the time of the men engaged and the amount and nature 
of apparatus involved. Analyses and tests, if made singly, 
naturally cost more than if made in series under contract. 
We work, in short, by the day, the month and the year. 
The solution of problems in research cannot be foretold as 
to time any more than as to results, else they would not 
be problems, although the amount of work to be put upon 
a task may be definitely fixed. Sometimes a time limit is 
set against appropriations for the ptirpose and when results 
are reached earlier than expected, only part of the appro- 
priation is required. Again, such appropriations may not 
provide for the completion of work undertaken. Some 
clients request us to go ahead with a problem until a posi- 
tive or negative result is definitely reached. Then the 
charges are the same as though we had been able to estimate 
them beforehand. Other clients engage us by the year for 
work on such problems as they may assign; and of these 
there are always enough in a large, live organization to keep 
a chemical laboratory busy. Still others retain us to super- 
vise the chemical side of their business either on a per diem 
basis or by the year. We are always prepared, on being 
made acquainted with the details of a problem, to submit 
a plan for work on a basis which we believe will be to the 
greatest advantage of the inquirer. 

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Section of Museum 



The Chemical Museum 

THIS is on the first floor and is open to the pubHc. It 
is designed to show what has been and can be done in 
appHed chemistry and is arranged to show, as far as 
possible, the relations of raw materials to finished products. 
We have not room to tell of more than a few of the things 
exhibited but hope that what follows will give an intima- 
tion of its purpose. 

As one enters he observes in the first case samples of 
cellulose acetate with moulded articles made from it to- 
gether with varnishes, lacquers, artificial silk, bristles and 
coated wire for electrical apparatus, all five of which origi- 
nated in our laboratory. In another case is a large exhibit 
of other classes of artificial silks in all stages of manufacture, 
including some fabrics of beautiful design. Elsewhere are 
specimens of artificial fur which was worked out for a client 
by our textile laboratory and is on the market. 

There are experimental products of cotton stalk fibre 
and a large exhibit of the results of research in the indus- 
trial uses of straw. This is full of interest and shows the 
wealth that is wasted when straw is burned after threshing. 

Page thirty-one 



There are straw lumber, straw tar and tar products, beautiful 
writing paper from flax straw, slow-burning fuel from wheat 
straw for domestic and industrial uses and a whole shelf full 
of other things. There are also illuminated photo-micro- 
graphs of sections of various straws showing what an 
excellent engineer nature is in the use of spiral tubing for 
lifting fluids under low pressure. Elsewhere are Professor 
Worthington's photo-micrographs that tell the remarkable 
things that happen to a drop of mercury w^hen it falls three 
inches upon a smooth glass plate. 

Another exhibit is chemical paper pulp made from a 
great variety of woods and other materials and cloths made 
of paper. Here, too. is our soldiers' vest and a window 
envelope of one piece which we lately worked out for a 
client. There are rare earths and their products, including 
gas mantles in every stage, and a large display of cottonseed 
products. Then there are a series of abrasives and refrac- 
tory materials, leathers tanned by various processes, opti- 
cal glasses, gums, waxes, examples of photo-dyeing, shales, 
rare chemicals and those of historic value; in short, as we 
said at the beginning, we have not space to tell of all the 
things that are there and for the same reason we cannot 
mention the many donors of these things to whom we are 
indebted. In preparation we have a department designed 
for the benefit of purchasing agents with an instructive 
display of "chemical fakes." Finally there are historic 
books of which one is the original Paris, 1789, edition of 
*'Traite Elementaire de Chimie par M. Lavoisier," — 
who was the master of us all. 

Arthur D. Little, Inc. 
30 Charles River Road 
Cambridge, Mass. 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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PRESS OF THE MURRAY PRINTING COMPANY, CAMBRTDQE, MASS. 



